SH波水平入射穿越垂直断层隧道动力响应分析     

杜修力  苏驰翔  黄景琦  王媛  赵密  欧阳文龙 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):269-280

结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法，设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法，研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响，并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构，断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用，对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构，断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用；相对周围围岩，断层介质的剪切波速越小，其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著；断层宽度越小，其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小，但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。  相似文献   

单裂缝不同传播方向Krauklis波振幅变化的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

丁拼搏  秦菽苑  刘海浩  狄帮让  李向阳 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4794-4804

裂缝广泛分布于地壳岩石中并具有多尺度的特点,研究地震波在裂缝介质中的传播规律具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.含流体的裂缝中传播的Krauklis波(也曾被称为慢流体波、裂缝波、斯通利导波等)近年来逐渐成为地球物理学界的研究热点之一.本研究利用地震物理模型技术研究横波在单裂缝样品中传播时随传播方向变化的响应特征,在实验室用环氧树脂为基质构建模型样品,一个为不含裂缝的参考样品,一个为含直径30 mm、厚度0.2 mm的薄币状单裂缝的模型,利用0.5 MHz换能器测试了横波在模型中传播时透射信号的特征.实验结果显示在单裂缝样品中透射横波发生了波形的畸变和振幅降低,振幅谱显示透射信号的主频明显降低,在初至横波之后为具有一定能量的尾波.对尾波进行时频分析,发现在方位角较小时尾波能量较弱而方位角较大时尾波能量较强,尾波中信号的主频在0.1 MHz左右,与前人理论和实验研究结果一致.  相似文献   

基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法及其在广角OBS折射波增强中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

宋龙龙  邹志辉  黄忠来 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):993-1006

广角地震的远偏移距折射初至含有地下深层的信息,提高远偏移距折射波信噪比能够有效提高初至拾取精度,对于深部结构的层析速度建模十分有利.超虚折射干涉法基于干涉原理对远道折射波进行增强,它在炮点和检波点都非常密集的情况下效果较好.然而,在应用于台站间距较大且环境噪声较强的广角海底地震仪(OBS)观测时,该方法对折射波的增强能力不足,而且容易产生虚假波形,造成增强后的折射波信噪比仍然较低.针对这种情况,本文提出基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法,通过叠加相邻虚拟道来提高远道与近道互相关的准确度,以达到稳定增强远道折射波信噪比的目的.理论实验和实际资料测试均显示,基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法在台站间距较大和信噪比较低的情况下能够准确构建虚拟道,且增强后的波形同相轴连续程度和信噪比均较高,有利于拾取高精度的折射初至到时.本文方法也可用于增强陆上炮间距较大的广角地震数据折射波.  相似文献   

Seismic amplitude inversion for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry     

Feng Zhang  Tuo Zhang  Xiang-Yang Li 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(9):2368-2385

Transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry is a common form of anisotropy in sedimentary basins, and it has a significant influence on the seismic amplitude variation with offset. Although exact solutions and approximations of the PP-wave reflection coefficient for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry have been explicitly studied, it is difficult to apply these equations to amplitude inversion, because more than three parameters need to be estimated, and such an inverse problem is highly ill-posed. In this paper, we propose a seismic amplitude inversion method for the transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry based on a modified approximation of the reflection coefficient. This new approximation consists of only three model parameters: attribute A, the impedance (vertical phase velocity multiplied by bulk density); attribute B, shear modulus proportional to an anellipticity parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε−δ); and attribute C, the approximate horizontal P-wave phase velocity, which can be well estimated by using a Bayesian-framework-based inversion method. Using numerical tests we show that the derived approximation has similar accuracy to the existing linear approximation and much higher accuracy than isotropic approximations, especially at large angles of incidence and for strong anisotropy. The new inversion method is validated by using both synthetic data and field seismic data. We show that the inverted attributes are robust for shale-gas reservoir characterization: the shale formation can be discriminated from surrounding formations by using the crossplot of the attributes A and C, and then the gas-bearing shale can be identified through the combination of the attributes A and B. We then propose a rock-physics-based method and a stepwise-inversion-based method to estimate the P-wave anisotropy parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε). The latter is more suitable when subsurface media are strongly heterogeneous. The stepwise inversion produces a stable and accurate Thomsen's parameter ε, which is proved by using both synthetic and field data.  相似文献   

波浪作用下单桩基础周围海床液化机制研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

隋倜倜  张弛  高玉峰  郑金海 《海洋工程》2018,36(4):88-96

建立波浪作用下单桩周围三维海床动力响应模型,考虑自重影响下的海床长时间固结过程。采用已有物理模型试验数据对模型进行验证,证实其具有较好的适用性。模拟波浪作用下单桩周围三维海床液化区域,通过定量分析超孔隙水压力和土体初始有效应力的变化,讨论单桩插入深度对海床液化的影响机制。研究表明,单桩插入深度发生变化时,土体初始有效应力对海床液化的影响要大于超孔隙水压力,且影响程度随着插入深度的增加而逐渐增大。  相似文献   

杭州湾中部实测波浪特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨斌  杨忠良  叶钦  张俊彪  施伟勇 《海洋工程》2018,36(3):96-103

利用杭州湾中部一年实测波浪资料,分析该地区的波参数统计变化特性,采用最小二乘法拟合得出相关参数之间的关系式,并统计分析了频谱特性。结果表明:杭州湾中部以小浪和轻浪为主,在各月分布较为均匀,年平均周期为2.97 s;最大一次波浪过程为冷空气影响所致,影响强度大于台风莫拉克;常浪向分布在东北至东南向,其中又以小浪出现较多,对应的波周期以2~4 s为主;强浪向主要分布在西北和东北方向,对应的波周期主要分布在3~5 s;多数特征波参数之间相关关系较好;由谱分析得知风浪占多数,且以单峰为主。研究结果可为相关工程和理论研究提供基础资料。  相似文献   

Source-independent wave-equation based microseismic source location using traveltime inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Songqin Nong  Chao Huang  Liangguo Dong 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(2):100-109

A new source location method using wave-equation based traveltime inversion is proposed to locate microseismic events accurately. With a sourceindependent strategy, microseismic events can be located independently regardless of the accuracy of the source signature and the origin time. The traveltime-residuals-based misfit function has robust performance when the velocity model is inaccurate. The new Fréchet derivatives of the misfit function with respect to source location are derived directly based on the acoustic wave equation, accounting for the influence of geometrical perturbation and spatial velocity variation. Unlike the mostly used traveltime inversion methods, no traveltime picking or ray tracing is needed.Additionally, the improved scattering-integral method is applied to reduce the computational cost. Numerical tests show the validity of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Numerical assessment of tsunami attack on a rubble mound breakwater using OpenFOAM®     

《Applied Ocean Research》2018

A numerical assessment study of tsunami attack on the rubble mound breakwater of Haydarpasa Port, located at the southern entrance of the Istanbul Bosphorus Strait in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, is carried out in this study using a Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver, IHFOAM, developed in OpenFOAM^® environment. The numerical model is calibrated with and validated against the data from solitary wave and tsunami overflow experiments representing tsunami attack. Furthermore, attack of a potential tsunami near Haydarpasa Port is simulated to investigate effects of a more realistic tsunami that cannot be generated in a wave flume with the present state of the art technology. Discussions on practical engineering applications of this type of numerical modeling studies are given focusing on pressure distributions around the crown-wall of the rubble mound breakwater, and the forces acting on the single stone located behind the crown-wall at the rear side of the breakwater. Numerical modeling of stability/failure mechanism of the overall cross-section is studied throughout the paper.The present study shows that hydrodynamics along the wave flume and over the breakwater can be simulated properly for both solitary wave and tsunami overflow experiments. Stability of the overall cross-section can only be simulated qualitatively for solitary wave cases; on the other hand, the effect of the time elapsed during tsunami overflow cannot be reflected in the simulations using the present numerical tool. However, the stability of the overall cross-section under tsunami overflow is assessed by evaluating forces acting on the rear side armor unit supporting the crown-wall of the rubble mound breakwater as a practical engineering application in the present paper. Furthermore, two non-dimensional parameters are derived to discuss the stability of this armor unit; and thus, the stability condition of the overall cross-section. Approximate threshold values for these non-dimensional parameters are presented comparing experimental and numerical results as a starting point for engineers in practice. Finally, investigations on the solitary wave and tsunami overflow experiments/simulations are extended to the potential tsunami simulation in the scope of both representation of a realistic tsunami in a wave flume and stability of the rubble mound breakwater.  相似文献   

Risk Analysis of Breakwater Caisson Under Wave Attack Using Load Surface Approximation     

Dong Hyawn KIM 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):739-748

A new load surface based approach to the reliability analysis of caisson-type breakwater is proposed. Uncertainties of the horizontal and vertical wave loads acting on breakwater are considered by using the so-called load surfaces, which can be estimated as functions of wave height, water level, and so on. Then, the first-order reliability method（FORM） can be applied to determine the probability of failure under the wave action. In this way, the reliability analysis of breakwaters with uncertainties both in wave height and in water level is possible. Moreover, the uncertainty in wave breaking can be taken into account by considering a random variable for wave height ratio which relates the significant wave height to the maximum wave height. The proposed approach is applied numerically to the reliability analysis of caisson breakwater under wave attack that may undergo partial or full wave breaking.  相似文献   

大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井的垂直地震剖面测量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴志强  祁江豪  张训华  郭兴伟  丘学林  张雪飞  谭云龙  黄聿晓  李文强  庞玉茂 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3492-3508

南黄海海相地层的地震波场特征和层位标定一直是困扰地震勘探的重要问题.为了近距离、高精度和高分辨率地观测井周围构造特征和岩石性质引起的波场变化，为地震资料的采集、处理与解释提供地震波衰减规律、速度与层位标定等信息，对大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井实施了近零偏移距垂直地震剖面（VSP）观测.针对海相地层顶部强反射界面地震波穿透难的问题，采用了大容量气枪震源并设计了气枪阵列组合方式，提高了激发地震波的能量，获得了强反射界面之下清晰的PP、PS下行波和上行波信号.采用了三分量偏振合成、组合滤波和波场分离等处理方法，对VSP观测数据进行处理，获得了海相三叠系—志留系的精细的纵波、横波速度结构和地层吸收因子等物性数据，建立了钻井地层、测井、VSP上行波和多道地震剖面对应关系，实现了不同尺度的地质和地球物理属性资料的有效衔接，标定了钻井地质剖面上各深度地质体的地震反射特性，厘定了过井地震剖面上反射同相轴的地质属性.此次观测取得的纵波、横波速度信息，成为建立南黄海海相地层速度模型主要的资料来源，也是地震资料的岩性反演处理不可缺少的信息.  相似文献